Solar panels comprise solar cells, the core of the system.
Solar cells are semiconductors that generate electricity using the photovoltaic effect.
Typical solar cells can generate electricity only from the light falling on their top side. Owing to the way the solar module is made, light from the bottom cannot penetrate the solar module.
Bifacial solar cells are different.
The bifacial cell has an open backside, which enables collection of the substantial amount of reflected light available from the earth, rooftops, clouds and the atmosphere.
Of course, the entire module comprising the bifacial solar cell has to be constructed such that such collection of light from the bottom of the solar panel is made feasible.
Source: Bifacial Solar Cell from Solar Mango’s Solar Dictionary
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