A solar cell made of different semiconductor materials in layers, one above the other. Sunlight entering the top passes through successive cell barriers, each of which converts a separate portion of the spectrum into electricity, thus achieving greater total conversion efficiency of the incident…

Valve Regulated Lead Acid batteries are low maintenance lead acid reachargeable batteries. These batteries does not require regular addition of water to the cells. These batteries are used in solar Off grid and hybrid systems.

Solar Modules are rated in Watt Peak. Watt peak (sometimes Kilowatt peak is used for PV plants) stands for peak power. This value specifies the output power achieved by a Solar module under full solar radiation (under set Standard Test…

A wet-cell battery is the original type of rechargeable battery. It is commonly found in aviation, electric utilities, energy storage and cellphone towers. A wet cell battery has a liquid electrolyte. It is also called flooded cell, since the liquid…

In electric power transmission, wheeling is the transportation of electric power over transmission lines of the grid. A solar PV plant owner who generates power does not have to own power transmission lines; only a connection to the network or…

Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) is a chemical process used to produce high-purity, high-performance solid materials. The process is often used in the semiconductor industry to produce thin films. In a typical CVD process, the wafer (substrate) is exposed to one…

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is a stable crystalline compund formed from cadmium and tellurium. It is mainly used as the semiconducting material in cadmium telluride photovoltaics. It is usually sandwiched with cadmium sulfide to form a p-n junction solar PV cell.

A C-rate is a measure of the rate at which a battery is discharged relative to its maximum capacity. A 1C rate indicates the discharge current will discharge the entire battery in 1 hour. For a battery with a capacity…

Standalone solar systems, also known as autonomous systems, are used to collect and store solar energy to be used by household appliances. These systems typically generate from 100 Watts to 5 KW. In the night time the power will be…

Bypass diodes are a standard addition to any crystalline PV module. Bypass diodes eliminate the hot-spot phenomena which can damage PV cells and even cause a fire if the light hitting the surface of the PV cells in a module is…