Silicon is a semiconductor material. It conducts electricity and is the primary material for solar photovoltaic cells. Impurities such as boron or phosphorus are added (doped) to this base material. These impurities create the environment for electron release when sunlight…

It is a commercial method of making purified silicon. High purity silicon is produced by the Siemens process. Most silicon for photovoltaic solar cells is produced by the Siemens process.

The generation of heat or electricity from solar energy requires the sun’s heat or light to hit the collector/cell. Solar radiation that is reflected by the surface/collector/module will not hit the collector/cell and cannot contribute to the generation of heat…

Pulse Width Modulation or PWM technology is used in Inverters to give a steady output voltage of 230 or 110 V AC irrespective of the load. The Inverters based on the PWM technology are superior to conventional inverters (sine, square…

One axis Tracking implies that Solar Panels are mounted with trackers that move in one axis (usually east-west direction) according to the movement of the sun. One/Single axis tracking can improve generation by up to 13% over Fixed modules.

The inverter is an electronic device which converts the direct current (DC) electricity that comes from the solar panels into alternating current (AC) electricity which matches the AC frequency of the power lines. The inverter also matches the AC voltage…

Gallium Arsenide is a semiconductor compund. It is used for single crystalline thin film solar cells. GaAs is more commonly used in multijunction photovoltaic cells for concentrated photovoltaics and for solar panels on spacecraft.

Gel battery is a VRLA (Valve Regulated Lead Acid) battery with a gelified electrolyte; the sulfuric acid is mixed with fumed silica, which makes the resulting mass gel-like and immobile. Gel electrolyte batteries are designed to offer reliable, maintenance-free power…

EPC, standing for Engineering-Procurement-Construction refers to the turnkey activity by which a company takes up the entire range of design, material procurement and construction of a project. The EPC companies thus are companies that deliver this entire range of activities.…

The Energy Pay Back Time is defined by EPBT = Einput/Esaved, where Einput is the energy input during the module life cycle (which includes the energy requirement for manufacturing, installation, energy use during operation, and energy needed for decommissioning) and…